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Technology Hour
Scott Nelson: Respiratory Physiology
Carly Johnson, reviewer
Dr. Scott Nelson, Associate Professor of Trumpet and conductor of the Wind Ensemble at Shenandoah University, gave a presentation on the physiology of respiration, or in other words, the science of breathing. Inspired by the teachings of Arnold Jacobs and other master musicians and educators, Dr. Nelson has conduc
ted research correlating the physiological aspects of wind production with the overall conceptual musical qualities of trumpet performance, in an effort to educate musicians about the importance of beneficial breathing procedures. The purpose of the research was to document in a scientific manner what really happens when a person breathes in preparation for producing a musical sound through a wind instrument. By sharing this information, musicians can eliminate the guesswork by interpreting information from the viewpoint of the musician rather than the medical doctor.
Consistency and control of sound (and thereby air) are always goals for musicians. However, explanations of breathing techniques are often given in medical terms rather than musical terms. While it is important to be knowledgeable of the scientific findings, musicians can often misconstrue this information, or become totally confused when it comes to the complex medical terminology used in the explanation of breathing techniques. Understanding how the muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation work is critical in producing a full open sound, uninhibited by a tightened throat or severe muscle contortion.
Many enlightening and often clarifying points were examined during the lecture, such as the explanation of what exactly serves the function of the enigmatic diaphragm muscle. These revelations were supported by extensive research and specific tests implemented by Professor Nelson that accurately measured test subjects' volume and movement of air during the breathing process. An interesting outcome showed that a professional musician has, on an average, about fourteen times more air movement than elementary level students.
The main downfall of most student and amateur trumpeters seems to be the surrender to the Valsalva Manuever, which is when the throat closes and tremendous internal pressure is exerted. This involuntary action is a reflex that attempts to protect the internal organs. For example, when attempting to lift a heavy object, we will often "hold our breath" as we lift. When this reflex happens while playing the trumpet, the tone invariably suffers.
Improvement of breathing techniques is the main component of developing most aspects of trumpet performance. The topic continues to garner interest in the musical and medical fields alike. By establishing a conceptual approach to sound production, through the readings of Professor Nelson and others, musicians have a better chance of avoiding physiological hangups that can hinder musical development.
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